?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Faquaticcommons.org%2F14638%2F&rft.title=Evaluation+of+the+economic+costs+and+benefits+of+methods+for+reducing+nutrient+loads+to+the+Gulf+of+Mexico%3A+Topic+6+Report+for+the+Integrated+Assessment+on+Hypoxia+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico.&rft.creator=Doering%2C+Otto+C.+&rft.creator=Diaz-Hermelo%2C+Francisco&rft.creator=Howard%2C+Crystal&rft.creator=Heimlich%2C+Ralph&rft.creator=Hitzhusen%2C+Fred&rft.creator=Kazmierczak%2C+Richard&rft.creator=Lee%2C+John&rft.creator=Libby%2C+Larry&rft.creator=Milon%2C+Walter&rft.creator=Prato%2C+Tony&rft.creator=Ribaudo%2C+Marc&rft.subject=Ecology&rft.subject=Environment&rft.subject=Fisheries&rft.subject=Management&rft.description=In+this+report+we+analyze+the+Topic+5+report%E2%80%99s+recommendations+for+reducing+nitrogen+losses+to+the+Gulf+of%0D%0AMexico+(Mitsch+et+al.+1999).+We+indicate+the+relative+costs+and+cost-effectiveness+of+different+control+measures%2C+and+potential+benefits+within+the+Mississippi+River+Basin.+For+major+nonpoint+sources%2C+such+as+agriculture%2C+we+examine+both+national+and+basin+costs+and+benefits.%0D%0ABased+on+the+Topic+2+economic+analysis+(Diaz+and+Solow+1999)%2C+the+direct+measurable+dollar+benefits+to+Gulf+fisheries+of+reducing+nitrogen+loads+from+the+Mississippi+River+Basin+are+very+limited+at+best.+Although+restoring+the+ecological+communities+in+the+Gulf+may+be+significant+over+the+long+term%2C+we+do+not+currently+have+information+available+to+estimate+the+benefits+of+such+measures+to+restore+the+Gulf%E2%80%99s+long-term+health.+For+these+reasons%2C+we+assume+that+measures+to+reduce+nitrogen+losses+to+the+Gulf+will+ultimately+prove+beneficial%2C+and+we+concentrate+on+analyzing+the+cost-effectiveness+of+alternative+reduction+strategies.%0D%0AWe+recognize+that+important+public+decisions+are+seldom+made+on+the+basis+of+strict+benefit%E2%80%93cost+analysis%2C+especially+when+complete+benefits+cannot+be+estimated.+We+look+at+different+approaches+and+different+levels+of+these+approaches+to+identify+those+that+are+cost-effective+and+those+that+have+limited+undesirable+secondary+effects%2C+such+as+reduced+exports%2C+which+may+result+in+lost+market+share.%0D%0AWe+concentrate+on+the+measures+highlighted+in+the+Topic+5+report%2C+and+also+are+guided+by+the+source+identification+information+in+the+Topic+3+report+(Goolsby+et+al.+1999).+Nonpoint+sources+that+are+responsible+for+the+bulk+of+the+nitrogen+receive+most+of+our+attention.+We+consider+restrictions+on+nitrogen+fertilizer+levels%2C+and+restoration+of+wetlands+and+riparian+buffers+for+denitrification.+We+also+examine+giving+more+emphasis+to+nitrogen+control+in+regions+contributing+a+greater+share+of+the+nitrogen+load.&rft.publisher=NOAA%2FNational+Centers+for+Coastal+Ocean+Service+&rft.date=1999&rft.type=Monograph+or+Serial+Issue&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Faquaticcommons.org%2F14638%2F1%2Fhypox_t6final.pdf&rft.identifier=++++++++++++Doering%2C+Otto+C.++and+Diaz-Hermelo%2C+Francisco+and+Howard%2C+Crystal+and+Heimlich%2C+Ralph+and+Hitzhusen%2C+Fred+and+Kazmierczak%2C+Richard+and+Lee%2C+John+and+Libby%2C+Larry+and+Milon%2C+Walter+and+Prato%2C+Tony+and+Ribaudo%2C+Marc+++++(1999)+Evaluation+of+the+economic+costs+and+benefits+of+methods+for+reducing+nutrient+loads+to+the+Gulf+of+Mexico%3A+Topic+6+Report+for+the+Integrated+Assessment+on+Hypoxia+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico.++++Silver+Spring%2C+MD%2C+++NOAA%2FNational+Centers+for+Coastal+Ocean+Service+%2C+++115pp.++++(NOAA+Coastal+Ocean+Program+Decision+Analysis+Series+%2C+20)++++++++++++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Foceanservice.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Fhypox_t6final.pdf